Bihar

         Basically, India is a country known for its staunch religious respects. And, Bihar the state is a prime locale in one among this country. Here, in Bihar, evoked the two main religious aspects such as Buddhism & Jainism. Wherein, the Buddha and the Mahavir have lived in this place and have evoked their great philosophical phenomenon on spiritualism from here.

In other words, Bihar, said to be the holy land of Hindu, Sikhs, Muslims and Jains, as these derived from Vihara. Moreover, the places of Bihar last appeared during the olden days of Puranas and Vedas, exposes its places grey headed age and symbolises the serenity strength of religious activities. The state was once the land of Buddha and Great Asoka, who was impressed on the teachings of Buddha, later during the 4th B.C. aryous intersession from the western borders, gave this state a greenish cultivation and idol adoration’s.  Thereon, it was ruled by Asoka the great king who did propagate Buddha’s principles throughout India and to the world. Therefore, this place of Holy land, encamped with major pilgrim centres around, such as, Biharshariff, Bodh Gaya [The most sacred place for Buddhist, Mahabodhi Temple, at the foot of Bodhi tree Gautama Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana and became an enlightened  resource to a new era on religious aspects]. Chhapra, Darbhanga, Gaya are the other Hindu pilgrimage centre. Vishnu pad Temple built by the queen Ahilya Bai of Indore on the bank of Falgu river is the famous sun God temple, here, Gopalganj, Hazipur, Johanabad, Katihar, Khagaria, Kishnaganj, Medhepura, Madhubani, Manet are the places of sacredness for Sufi saint Hazart Makhdoom Shah, Motihari, Munger, Muzaffarpur and Nalanda are the places where the Chinese Traveller, Hiuen Tasang did study during the 7th century. Navada, Parasnath is another important Jain pilgrim centres. Har Mandir, built by Ranjit Singh is the holy Sikh shrine and it is a place where Guru Gokind Singh the 10th and the last guru of Sikhs did born in 1660’s. Pawanpuri is the locale, where Lord Mahavir breathed his last, says Jainism, Purnia, Rajgir are the previllaged places where Buddha and Mahavir have preached about. Such importance of Bihar is today grown up in civilization with unchanging faith and moral in religious activities. Today, Bihar is thickly populated with an approx of 82,878,796 as per the census record of the year 2001. Wherein, the sex ratio will be 921 females for 1000 males in which, the literacy rating says, about 61% males and 34% females are literate. The states principal language is Hindi and the humid density records per.sq. Km. Is 880. The state is surrounded with more than 200,00 kms of metalled roads, that takes in huge traffic from all over the country, say about 2,120kms of highways and 13,000kms of PWD roads creates more trading to the neighbouring states like. Nepal in the north, West Bengal in the east, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in the west and Jharkhand in the south.    

            Bihar, with its ancient bliss and truth is still gleaming ahead into future, all its olden architect Buildings and culture, custom and festive seasons are yet unchanging and unfading is the truth.

HISTORY

           Bihar, its present capital is Patna, which carries ancient values from the past. But, the state has it glorious history of past living about in this country. Many of its cities have been mentioned in Vedas and Puranas and Mythologies.

           This old piece of land gave out birth to the major religious of Buddhism and Jainism to the world. It is said that Buddha and Jain Tirthankars have huge activities over these places around Bihar. They lived, Preached and have proved the new diagonal thoughts of religious thoughts from here. Moreover, Bihar did have mighty rulers who did manuplate great victories in battle history of the world. The great kings like Bimbisar, Chandragupta Maurya and Emperor Asoka did rule this region will be the greenish reign of history in India. Though, Bihar, have witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties, Magadha and Patliputra became famous to the world, because of the great warriors of Magadha kings who faces the Alexander the great, in fact, the Macedonians, did afraid to face these mighty warriors in the battle field.

         In the 4th century, Patliputra was famous and equally strong when compared to Rome at the later periods. Such, valiant history is recorded here. After the king Asoka, the declined dynasty were enrich by the rule of Gupta dynasty kings and brought back glory, they revived Hindu culture, custom and philosophy and became the staunch worshippers of the Hindu God & Goddesses .
         As the days rolled away from the Gupta dynasty, Muslims invaders was Mohammed-bin-Bakhiar-khalji, then, Tughlaghs and Mughals came in existence when Akbar conquered Bihar. Nawabs of Bengal did occupied, then, in 1764, Mir quasim was defeated and British regiment begun at Buxar, it was a part of Bengal Presidency for a few years and in 1911. Bihar and Orissa were separated from the Presidency of Bengal and in the year 1936 became separate provinces. During the post independence period Bihar, Purnia and Manbhum were added to West Bengal due to its language uniformity.

The history of Bihar is seems to be well identified with great men and records, yet its natural landscape does not provide a friendly harness for a pastureous living. Though, Bihar is a huge in size its living pattern is poor both in economy and literacy. Castising plays a vital role and mafia dons are the predominant of the state as such today. The climatic conditions are the unknown for to this land of Bihar, eventually every summer faces draught, winter makes pricking cold and monsoon season makes away in floods, such devastations are experienced here at every phase of life.

Though, there are great clamour and calamity faced by the people, the place have never dulled its shine and shrine activities. The holy places here are the major tourist attraction from the whole world. During Buddha Jayati [April – May] Buddhists come from all over the world at Bodhgaya and Rajgir. Jains reach Pawapuri and Pareshnath Hill on the occasion of Mahavir Jayati. Dussera festivals are celebrated by the flaming the effigies of Ravana in order to curse and revenge his immorality and at Patliputra the festivals of Dussera and Diwali are enlightened with lamps and crackers to celebrate the return of Rama from exile are the unique qualities of celebrations around here.

The natural elements of the earth gifts Bihar with 40 percent of minerals & gold is one of the prospects to the state, it is formed on the rivers of Subarnarekha near Ranchi and on the river Goverdhan of Valmikinagar. The economy of the state, today, has a numerous industries support, like cotton spinning mills, sugar mills, and jute and leather mills. Tusser is the famous industry here, moreover small scale industries, cottage industries are supported by handicrafts. Wherein, the people mainly occupied in agriculture that produces rice, wheat, maize, ragi and pulses, sugarcane, tobacco, oilseeds, potato and jute.

The major power projects are Pattatu thermal units, Barauni thermal power, Muzaffarpur thermal power, Subarnarekha hydel power and Kosi hydal power stations are the existing industrial support that frights in many people from the country with huge employment offer.   

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